All about Structures

[ForgottenLaw]

Hello. I'm studying deeply into the structures since I'm still having difficulties in structures. I have a question regarding the example structure code below. What is the function of s[10] in line 9;, s[i] in lines 19, 22, and 25 in the code below.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

struct student
{
    char name[50];
    int roll;
    float marks;
} s[10];

int main()
{
    cout << "Enter information of students: " << endl;

    // storing information
    for(int i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
    {
        s[i].roll = i+1;
        cout << "For roll number" << s[i].roll << "," << endl;

        cout << "Enter name: ";
        cin >> s[i].name;

        cout << "Enter marks: ";
        cin >> s[i].marks;

        cout << endl;
    }

    cout << "Displaying Information: " << endl;

    // Displaying information
    for(int i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
    {
        cout << "\nRoll number: " << i+1 << endl;
        cout << "Name: " << s[i].name << endl;
        cout << "Marks: " << s[i].marks << endl;
    }

    return 0;
} 

[jonnin]

line 9 is an archaic leftover from C and I advise not doing it. It makes a global variable, called s, that is an array of 10 of the structures.
Better to treat student as a type, and say
student s[10]; //inside main, like any other variable.

s[i] is standard array indexing. Have you studied arrays at all? They normally come BEFORE structures!

structures in c++ work just like classes in c++, except that classes have private data by default (can be changed with keyword public) and structs have public by default (can be changed with private keyword). The most basic structs and classes are just compound variables, they group several types together into one new type, as you see here you have a C style string, an integer, and a float all grouped together as a single type. As you advance, you can add functions to the types as well, and many more things.

Consider using c++ strings (include <string>, and the type is string) instead of C's character arrays. Wherever you got this code... it looks like C pretending to be C++... maybe try to find a better example.

here: exactly the same, but modernized a bit

struct student
{
    string name;
    int roll{};
    float marks{};
};

int main()
{
    student s[10];
    cout << "Enter information of students: " << endl;

    // storing information
    for(int i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
    {
        s[i].roll = i+1;
        cout << "For roll number" << s[i].roll << "," << endl;

        cout << "Enter name: ";
        cin >> s[i].name;

        cout << "Enter marks: ";
        cin >> s[i].marks;

        cout << endl;
    }

    cout << "Displaying Information: " << endl;

    // Displaying information
    for(int i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
    {
        cout << "\nRoll number: " << i+1 << endl;
        cout << "Name: " << s[i].name << endl;
        cout << "Marks: " << s[i].marks << endl;
    }

    return 0;
} 

[MikeyBoy]

What is the function of s[10] in line 9;

Lines 4 - 9 are doing two things in one statement:

1) Declare the type student, which is a struct

2) Define an array called s, which contains 10 student objects.

Once you realise that s is an array, I assume it's clear what s[i] means?

[ForgottenLaw]

Thank you so much, especially to you @jonnin because you send me the modernized version of that code, which is the one that I studied. I'm confused about the logic that I posted since the logic that I got used to it was your updated vrsion of the code.

[deleted account xyzzy]

Another modern idea is to use a C++ container, like a std::vector, instead of a regular array.

https://www.learncpp.com/cpp-tutorial/an-introduction-to-stdvector/

With a vector you aren't confined to using a set size for the number of students at run-time.