Setw(); not outputting what I want with structures
For some reason I can't get setw() to separate each number correctly in my compareExpenses function on lines 65-81. I watched a youtube video of it showing how to make a table and they use setw() the same way. The only difference is they didn't work with structures. I started putting 1 setw() per line because I thought that was the issue. Also I know, I could be using a loop here I understand it's messy, but all I really need to do is format it right.
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Budgeted Spent Difference ================================================= Housing 580.00 1.00 -579.00 Utilities 150.00 1.00 -149.00 Household 65.00 1.00 -64.00 Transportation 50.00 1.00 -49.00 Food 250.00 1.00 -249.00 Medical 30.00 1.00 -29.00 Insurance 100.00 1.00 -99.00 Entertainment 150.00 1.00 -149.00 Clothing 75.00 1.00 -74.00 Miscellaneous 50.00 1.00 -49.00 ================================================= Total 1500.00 10.00 -1490.00 ================================================= Congratulations! You were $1490.00 under budget in ju 2022. |
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setw sets the minimum width of the next thing that you output. If you use it before each thing that you output, and use the same width for the same position on each row, then you could think of it as the "column width".This
if(&Spent < &Budget) probably doesn't do what you want. The & operator gives you a pointer to the variable so what this if statement does is that it checks whether the object that Spent refers to is stored before the object that Budget refers to in memory. (Technically it's UB since they are not part of the same object so you're not actually allowed to compare them)
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Ok, I'll try and change the if statement. I just can't figure out why like on line 71 for utilities, I'm not getting a space of 9 adjusted to the right. Something is pushing them together.
| jetm0t0 wrote: |
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| Setw(); not outputting what I want with structures |
C++20 added the <format> library, it adds to C++ formatting capability C has with printf, etc.
While this sample doesn't deal with structs, it shows how useful std::format can be to create tables:
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This program calculates n! and the sum of the integers up to n for values 1 to limit.
What upper limit for n would you like? 10
integer sum factorial
1 1 1
2 3 2
3 6 6
4 10 24
5 15 120
6 21 720
7 28 5040
8 36 40320
9 45 362880
10 55 3628800 |
If your compiler doesn't yet fully support C++20 there is the {fmt} library.
https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt
https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt
You have to set the width for each column, each time.
To make all this easier, I'd start with a function to print a single formatted row. I have intentionally NOT set the widths correctly here. That's an exercise for you:
Then change compareExpenses to call printRow():
Now you can fiddle with the widths to get them exactly correct.
To make all this easier, I'd start with a function to print a single formatted row. I have intentionally NOT set the widths correctly here. That's an exercise for you:
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Then change compareExpenses to call printRow():
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Now you can fiddle with the widths to get them exactly correct.
@Peter87 Totally right, I see the math error now that I'm almost done. It's just comparing memory not referencing because it's a pointer, so I never go to my else statement.
@dhayden Ok TY, I tried what you said, but it looks like I'm off by 1 on a couple lines. Ahhh! so close. It's funny my book I don't think mentions that setw() doesn't work well when using it multiple times on once cout >>. I KNOW my teacher put this formatting in here on purpose, because he knew we may have to dig to find out his method. Here's my updated code, I'm going to look at some of the provided HW examples on comparing 2 data structures, because it says I'm under budget no matter what.
/*
output:
Budgeted Spent Difference
=================================================
Housing 580.00 2000.00 1420.00
Utilities 150.00 1.00 -149.00
Household 65.00 1.00 -64.00
Transportation 50.00 1.00 -49.00
Food 250.00 1.00 -249.00
Medical 30.00 1.00 -29.00
Insurance 100.00 1.00 -99.00
Entertainment 150.00 1.00 -149.00
Clothing 75.00 1.00 -74.00
Miscellaneous 50.00 1.00 -49.00
=================================================
Total 1500.00 2009.00 509.00
=================================================
Congratulations! You were $-509.00 under budget in july 2022.
*/
@dhayden Ok TY, I tried what you said, but it looks like I'm off by 1 on a couple lines. Ahhh! so close. It's funny my book I don't think mentions that setw() doesn't work well when using it multiple times on once cout >>. I KNOW my teacher put this formatting in here on purpose, because he knew we may have to dig to find out his method. Here's my updated code, I'm going to look at some of the provided HW examples on comparing 2 data structures, because it says I'm under budget no matter what.
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/*
output:
Budgeted Spent Difference
=================================================
Housing 580.00 2000.00 1420.00
Utilities 150.00 1.00 -149.00
Household 65.00 1.00 -64.00
Transportation 50.00 1.00 -49.00
Food 250.00 1.00 -249.00
Medical 30.00 1.00 -29.00
Insurance 100.00 1.00 -99.00
Entertainment 150.00 1.00 -149.00
Clothing 75.00 1.00 -74.00
Miscellaneous 50.00 1.00 -49.00
=================================================
Total 1500.00 2009.00 509.00
=================================================
Congratulations! You were $-509.00 under budget in july 2022.
*/
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Ok tutor helped me out. This kinda blows my mind. All we really added was a constructor in MonthlyBudget and changed the if statement to (totalSpent < totalBudget). Now the math is working. If I try to explain this it's like trying to superimpose one sheet of paper over another, and then ask the question "do they line up?" instead of some kind of loops that says "does number #1 equal (or less than for this case) number #2. and increment number #1, and number #2". Not to say that my first example means all structure members are compared instantly, but it's just very weird that this works...
Changes:
Changes:
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Re MonthlyBudget. You've defined a struct with un-initialised variables and then use a default constructor to initialise. It's easier to initialise when defined - as you would with ordinary variables.
This sets them all to 0 (default value).
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This sets them all to 0 (default value).
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So much repetition gives a hint to how simplifications can be made, including some already suggested above:
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*** BUDGET ****
Category Budget Expense Diff
=============================================
Housing 580.00 580.00 0.00
Utilities 150.00 130.00 -20.00
Household 65.00 50.00 -15.00
Transportation 50.00 50.00 0.00
Food 250.00 230.00 -20.00
Medical 30.00 30.00 0.00
Insurance 100.00 100.00 0.00
Entertainment 150.00 120.00 -30.00
Clothing 75.00 100.00 25.00
Miscellaneous 50.00 30.00 -20.00
=============================================
TOTALS 1500.00 1420.00 -80.00
Enter Housing amount $480
Enter Utilities amount $250
Enter Household amount $55
Enter Transportation amount $55
Enter Food amount $255
Enter Medical amount $34
Enter Insurance amount $107
Enter Entertainment amount $143
Enter Clothing amount $77
Enter Miscellaneous amount $64
Enter Housing amount $567
Enter Utilities amount $223
Enter Household amount $34
Enter Transportation amount $87
Enter Food amount $265
Enter Medical amount $99
Enter Insurance amount $102
Enter Entertainment amount $149
Enter Clothing amount $12
Enter Miscellaneous amount $67
*** BUDGET ****
Category Budget Expense Diff
=============================================
Housing 567.00 580.00 13.00
Utilities 223.00 130.00 -93.00
Household 34.00 50.00 16.00
Transportation 87.00 50.00 -37.00
Food 265.00 230.00 -35.00
Medical 99.00 30.00 -69.00
Insurance 102.00 100.00 -2.00
Entertainment 149.00 120.00 -29.00
Clothing 12.00 100.00 88.00
Miscellaneous 67.00 30.00 -37.00
=============================================
TOTALS 1605.00 1420.00 -185.00
Program ended with exit code: 0 |
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@seeplus Ok, are you saying I don't need my constructor? or that I can replace my structure (lines 2-12) with what you provided? I am still new to finding out you can use functions in your structures, which is weird because my teacher said to never put full functions above main, but I guess with structures, that goes out the window.
@againtry I'm not sure what {0} does on line 25. But I like what you did with lines 29-35, you passed the " i " incrementor to the displayLine function that's nice!
*Oh and I was reading my notes and found an answer about structures:
" Normally value returning functions return back only one value, but there are ways to return more than one value. But they are packaged in such a way that they are treated as a single value."
So I added to my notes this is what a structure does. It can package multiple values and pass them all through a function. Very cool!
@againtry I'm not sure what {0} does on line 25. But I like what you did with lines 29-35, you passed the " i " incrementor to the displayLine function that's nice!
*Oh and I was reading my notes and found an answer about structures:
" Normally value returning functions return back only one value, but there are ways to return more than one value. But they are packaged in such a way that they are treated as a single value."
So I added to my notes this is what a structure does. It can package multiple values and pass them all through a function. Very cool!
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@jetm0t0
The brackets make variable as well as container/array initialization consistent throughout C++ that way.
I don't plan spending much more time on it but I made some other changes which I'll post shortly for interest sake & FWIW.
int x{0}; is the same as int x = 0;The brackets make variable as well as container/array initialization consistent throughout C++ that way.
I don't plan spending much more time on it but I made some other changes which I'll post shortly for interest sake & FWIW.
FWIW
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*** BUDGET ****
Category Budget Expense Diff
=============================================
Housing 580.00 580.00 0.00
Utilities 150.00 130.00 -20.00
Household 65.00 50.00 -15.00
Transportation 50.00 50.00 0.00
Food 250.00 230.00 -20.00
Medical 30.00 30.00 0.00
Insurance 100.00 100.00 0.00
Entertainment 150.00 120.00 -30.00
Clothing 75.00 100.00 25.00
Miscellaneous 50.00 30.00 -20.00
=============================================
TOTALS 1500.00 1420.00 -80.00
Enter budget items:
Enter Housing (current amount $580.00) 678
Enter Utilities (current amount $150.00) 213
Enter Household (current amount $65.00) 78
Enter Transportation (current amount $50.00) 345
Enter Food (current amount $250.00) 123
Enter Medical (current amount $30.00) 98
Enter Insurance (current amount $100.00) 201
Enter Entertainment (current amount $150.00) 23
Enter Clothing (current amount $75.00) 124
Enter Miscellaneous (current amount $50.00) 88
Enter expenses items:
Enter Housing (current amount $580.00) 908
Enter Utilities (current amount $130.00) 23
Enter Household (current amount $50.00) 78
Enter Transportation (current amount $50.00) 93
Enter Food (current amount $230.00) 609
Enter Medical (current amount $30.00) 817
Enter Insurance (current amount $100.00) 22
Enter Entertainment (current amount $120.00) 104
Enter Clothing (current amount $100.00) 85
Enter Miscellaneous (current amount $30.00) 22
*** BUDGET ****
Category Budget Expense Diff
=============================================
Housing 678.00 908.00 230.00
Utilities 213.00 23.00 -190.00
Household 78.00 78.00 0.00
Transportation 345.00 93.00 -252.00
Food 123.00 609.00 486.00
Medical 98.00 817.00 719.00
Insurance 201.00 22.00 -179.00
Entertainment 23.00 104.00 81.00
Clothing 124.00 85.00 -39.00
Miscellaneous 88.00 22.00 -66.00
=============================================
TOTALS 1971.00 2761.00 790.00
Program ended with exit code: 0
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