I am a Python programmer and want to learn Arduino programming so want to know what are the main differences between Python and Arduino C++ programming?
Is Arduino C++ more complex than Python programming?
Are there any similarities that will help me? Are there any formatting restrictions like in Python? Etc...
Python and C++ adopt fundamentally different ways of thinking. It's not just the syntax that's different. The build system, how object typing works, handling memory, and at a fundamental level how you should think about the problems you're solving. Python is interpreted, C++ is compiled, they're just very different indeed.
C/C++ as Arduino uses it is covered admirably in their tutorials and examples.
You can program an Arduino using Python if you want and forget about C/C++. Probably not the best move though because most libraries are written in C/C++.
BTW: The Arduino hardware environment as a special application with its very limited memory space and functionality is not however the best way to learn C/C++ (or Python) when that is the sole purpose.