Alright theres a pretty simple way to do this that will save you a bunch of time.
There is no real need for a while loop here if you just set your for loops like you are.
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for(int i = 0; i<ROWS; i++)
{
for(int j = 0; j<COLS; j++)
{
infile>>letter[i][j]; //This is a simple way of getting one letter at a time
cout<<letter[i][j]; //Way to check your work
{
cout<<endl;
}
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The reason you don't need the while loop is because you have already determined how big your 2d array will be, so you can set your for loop parameters accordingly.
The reason I don't use the .get option has to do with if you can make a program more simple why not do it. The >> option is just what I know best but I am sure you can make the .get option work just as well, seemed saving it to the char c had something to do with it just didn't have time to look up why.
If the teacher tells you make a 2d array 800x10000 then using the !infile.eof would be a good idea because he might only give you 300 of those rows and you will have empty spaces on your printout if you do have to print it out.
So it would look like
John
Goes
To
School
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
With the periods representing empty lines what have you.
I would recommend looking up arrays and getting to know them very well as I know my teacher in about all of his problems he will make us do something with an array. The resources on this site are very good to start with.
This little piece of code should get you on the right track.
Hope I could help.